Master energy conversion with our BME304 VTU Notes. Explore the Laws of Thermodynamics, Entropy, and Pure Substances for the 2022 Scheme at the all-new vtubuddy.in Mechanical Engineering resource and exam portal.
Master energy conversion with our BME304 VTU Notes. Explore the Laws of Thermodynamics, Entropy, and Pure Substances for the 2022 Scheme at the all-new vtubuddy.in Mechanical Engineering resource and exam portal.
Introduction and Review of fundamental concepts: Thermodynamic definition and scope, Microscopic and Macroscopic approaches. Characteristics of system boundary and control surface, examples. Thermodynamic properties; definition and units, intensive, extensive properties, specific properties, pressure, specific volume, Thermodynamic state, state point, state diagram, path and process, quasi-static process, cyclic and non-cyclic; processes
Zeroth law of thermodynamics, Temperature; concepts, scales, international fixed points and measurement of temperature. Constant volume gas thermometer, constant pressure gas thermometer, mercury in glass thermometer, thermocouples, electrical resistance thermometer. Numerical.
work; examples, sign convention. Displacement work; as a part of a system boundary, as a whole of a system boundary, expressions for displacement work in various processes through p-v diagrams. Shaft work; Electrical work. Other types of work. Heat; definition, units and sign convention. Problems.
First Law of Thermodynamics: Joules experiments, equivalence of heat and work. Statement of the First law of thermodynamics, extension of the First law to non – cyclic processes, energy, energy as a property, modes of energy, Problems. Extension of the First law to control volume; steady flow energy equation (SFEE), Problems.
Second Law of Thermodynamics: Limitations of first law of thermodynamics, Thermal reservoir, heat engine and heat pump: Schematic representation, efficiency and COP. Reversed heat engine. Kelvin – Planck statement of the Second law of Thermodynamics; PMM I and PMM II, Clausius statement of Second law of Thermodynamics, Equivalence of the two statements; Carnot cycle, Carnot principles. Problems
Entropy: Clausius inequality, Statement- proof, Entropy- definition, a property, change of entropy, entropy as a quantitati
Availability, Irreversibility and General Thermodynamic relations. Introduction, Availability (Exergy), Unavailable energy, Relation between increase in unavailable energy and increase in entropy. Maximum work, maximum useful work for a system and control volume, irreversibility. Problems
Pure Substances: P-T and P-V diagrams, triple point and critical points. Sub-cooled liquid, saturated liquid, mixture of saturated liquid and vapor, saturated vapor and superheated vapor states of pure substance with water as example. Enthalpy of change of phase (Latent heat). Dryness fraction (quality), T-S and H-S diagrams, representation of various processes on these diagram
Ideal gases: Ideal gas mixtures, Daltons law of partial pressures, Amagat’s law of additive volumes, evaluation of properties of perfect and ideal gases, Air- Water mixtures and related properties (Processes are not to be asked for SEE).
Real gases – Introduction, Van-der Waal’s Equation of state, Van-der Waal’s constants in terms of critical properties, Beattie-Bridgeman equation, Law of corresponding states, compressibility factor; compressibility chart. Difference between Ideal and real gases. Thermodynamic relations: Maxwell’s equations, TdS equatio
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